EV Technology Reference
137 defined technology terms — battery chemistries, charging standards, drivetrain architectures, thermal management, range standards and body-safety concepts — each with a definition, source, and (where available) the catalog vehicles that use it.
Battery & Chemistry / 电池
Cell chemistries, pack structures, and battery systems. · 39 terms
- Lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP) 磷酸铁锂电池 (LFP)
- Nickel manganese cobalt battery (NMC) 三元锂电池 (NMC)
- Nickel cobalt aluminium battery (NCA) 镍钴铝电池 (NCA)
- Lithium manganese iron phosphate battery (LMFP) 磷酸锰铁锂电池 (LMFP)
- Sodium-ion battery 钠离子电池
- CATL Naxtra sodium-ion battery 宁德时代 Naxtra 钠新电池
- Solid-state battery 全固态电池
- Semi-solid-state battery 半固态电池
- CATL condensed-matter battery 宁德时代凝聚态电池
- BYD Blade Battery 比亚迪刀片电池
- CATL Qilin battery 宁德时代麒麟电池
- CATL Shenxing superfast charging battery 宁德时代神行电池
- CATL Freevoy dual-power battery 宁德时代骁遥双核电池
- Cell-to-pack (CTP) 电芯直接集成电池包 (CTP)
- Cell-to-body (CTB) 电池车身一体化 (CTB)
- Cell-to-chassis (CTC) 电池底盘一体化 (CTC)
- Cell-to-module (CTM) 电芯到模组 (CTM)
- 4680 cylindrical cell 4680 大圆柱电芯
- 21700 cylindrical cell 21700 圆柱电芯
- 18650 cylindrical cell 18650 圆柱电芯
- Prismatic cell 方形电芯
- Pouch cell 软包电芯
- Tabless electrode design 无极耳(全极耳)设计
- Dry battery electrode process 干法电极工艺
- Battery management system (BMS) 电池管理系统 (BMS)
- State of charge (SOC) 荷电状态 (SOC)
- State of health (SOH) 电池健康度 (SOH)
- EU battery passport 欧盟电池护照
- Silicon-carbon anode 硅碳负极
- Lithium plating 析锂
- Calendar aging 日历老化
- Thermal runaway 热失控
- LFP thermal stability 磷酸铁锂热稳定性
- C-rate 充放电倍率 (C 率)
- Cobalt-free battery 无钴电池
- Second-life battery 电池梯次利用
- Black mass 黑粉
- Gravimetric energy density 质量能量密度 (Wh/kg)
- Volumetric energy density 体积能量密度 (Wh/L)
Charging & Standards / 充电
Connectors, charging standards, and infrastructure protocols. · 36 terms
- GB/T 20234 charging standard 国标 GB/T 20234 充电标准
- GB/T AC charging connector 国标交流充电接口
- GB/T DC charging connector 国标直流充电接口
- GB/T 27930 communication protocol 国标 GB/T 27930 通信协议
- GB/T 18487 conductive charging system 国标 GB/T 18487 传导充电系统
- Combined Charging System 1 (CCS1) 北美 CCS1 充电标准
- Combined Charging System 2 (CCS2) 欧洲 CCS2 充电标准
- CHAdeMO 日本 CHAdeMO 快充标准
- North American Charging Standard (NACS) 北美充电标准 (NACS)
- ChaoJi charging interface 超级充电接口 ChaoJi
- IEC 62196 Type 2 (Mennekes) IEC 62196 Type 2 交流接口
- SAE J1772 北美交流充电接口 SAE J1772
- IEC 61851 IEC 61851 传导充电系统标准
- ISO 15118 ISO 15118 车桩通信标准
- Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) 开放充电桩通信协议
- Plug and Charge 即插即充
- AC Level 1 charging 交流一级充电
- AC Level 2 charging 交流二级充电
- 11 kW AC charging 11 千瓦交流充电
- 22 kW AC charging 22 千瓦交流充电
- DC fast charging (DCFC) 直流快充
- High-power charging (HPC, 350 kW+) 大功率充电 (HPC)
- 400 V architecture 400V 电压平台
- 800 V high-voltage architecture 800V 高压平台
- 4C fast charging 4C 快充
- 5C fast charging 5C 超充
- Megawatt Charging System (MCS) 兆瓦级充电系统 (MCS)
- Battery swapping 换电
- NIO Power Swap 蔚来换电
- Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) 车网互动 (V2G)
- Vehicle-to-load (V2L) 对外放电 (V2L)
- Vehicle-to-home (V2H) 车家互联 (V2H)
- Bidirectional charging 双向充电
- Charging curve 充电曲线
- Onboard charger (OBC) 车载充电机 (OBC)
- Tesla Supercharger 特斯拉超级充电站
Drivetrain & Motors / 动力总成
Motors, e-axles, and hybrid / range-extender architectures. · 23 terms
- Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) 永磁同步电机
- AC induction motor 交流异步(感应)电机
- Wound-rotor synchronous motor (EESM) 电励磁同步电机 (EESM)
- Switched reluctance motor 开关磁阻电机
- e-axle (integrated electric drive unit) 电驱动桥 (e-axle)
- Silicon carbide (SiC) power module 碳化硅功率模块
- Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) 绝缘栅双极型晶体管 (IGBT)
- Dual-motor all-wheel drive 双电机四驱
- Tri-motor drivetrain 三电机驱动
- Quad-motor drivetrain 四电机驱动
- Single-speed reduction gear 单速减速器
- Two-speed transmission 两挡变速器
- Regenerative braking 再生制动
- One-pedal driving 单踏板模式
- Torque vectoring 扭矩矢量控制
- In-wheel motor 轮毂电机
- Rare-earth-free motor 无稀土电机
- BYD DM-i super hybrid 比亚迪 DM-i 超级混动
- Range-extender EV (EREV) 增程式电动车 (EREV)
- Plug-in hybrid (PHEV) 插电式混合动力 (PHEV)
- Dedicated EV platform 纯电专属平台
- Battery electric vehicle (BEV) 纯电动车 (BEV)
- Motor power density 电机功率密度
Thermal Management / 热管理
Battery and cabin thermal systems. · 13 terms
- Liquid cooling (battery) 电池液冷
- Direct refrigerant cooling 电池直冷
- Immersion cooling 浸没式冷却
- Heat pump HVAC 热泵空调
- CO2 (R744) heat pump 二氧化碳热泵 (R744)
- PTC heater PTC 加热器
- Battery preconditioning 电池预热/预冷
- Battery thermal management system (BTMS) 电池热管理系统 (BTMS)
- Octovalve thermal manifold 八通阀热管理集成模块
- Phase change material (PCM) 相变材料 (PCM)
- Motor oil cooling 电机油冷
- Thermal runaway propagation prevention 热失控扩散防护
- R1234yf refrigerant 制冷剂 R1234yf
Range & Efficiency / 续航
Range standards and energy-efficiency concepts. · 11 terms
- CLTC range standard 中国 CLTC 续航工况
- WLTP range standard WLTP 全球统一测试规程
- NEDC range standard NEDC 新欧洲行驶工况
- EPA range rating 美国 EPA 续航
- Range standard conversion 续航口径换算
- Real-world range 真实续航
- Winter range retention 冬季续航保持率
- Energy consumption (kWh/100 km) 百公里电耗
- Range anxiety 续航焦虑
- Usable versus gross battery capacity 电池可用容量与标称容量
- Highway range penalty 高速续航衰减
Body & Safety / 车身安全
Body structure, materials, and safety standards. · 15 terms
- Integrated die-casting (gigacasting) 一体化压铸
- Drag coefficient (Cd) 风阻系数
- Active grille shutter 主动进气格栅
- Flush door handle 隐藏式门把手
- Flat underbody panel 平整底盘护板
- Air suspension 空气悬架
- Crumple zone 溃缩吸能区
- Hot-stamped ultra-high-strength steel 热成型超高强钢
- Aluminium space frame 全铝车身框架
- Torsional stiffness 车身扭转刚度
- IP68 battery pack sealing 电池包 IP68 防护
- IP code 防护等级 (IP 代码)
- C-NCAP 中国新车评价规程 C-NCAP
- Euro NCAP 欧洲新车安全评鉴 Euro NCAP
- GB 38031 EV battery safety standard 动力电池安全强制性国标 GB 38031
Terms and definitions sourced from manufacturer documentation and public references (Wikipedia, CATL, standards bodies). Where a term is not yet linked to a catalog vehicle, it is listed for definition and sourcing only — no vehicle association is implied. See our Data Compliance policy.